Activity based resource allocation modeling

ABSTRACT

Embodiments are directed to modeling resource allocations. A data model may be provided to an activity modeling engine. The activity modeling engine may be employed to provide an activity model based on the data model, such that the activity model may include activity objects that each may be associated with bills-of-materials (BOMs). Resource allocations from source activity objects to target activity objects may be provided based on the BOMs, such that the resource allocations may be modeled using unit values defined by the BOMs. A report visualizing the activity model may be provided and presented on a hardware display.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to computer automated resource allocation modeling, and more particularly, but not exclusively to modeling resource allocation based on activities.

BACKGROUND

Businesses that strive to remain viable and successful in today's competitive commercial environment are required to adopt accurate and responsive resource allocation and resource allocation planning practices. Businesses may use models that apply modern budgeting, forecasting and resource allocation techniques. For some resource allocation techniques, the complexity of the underlying data models may increase as the number of tracked activities and elements increases. Therefore, for larger enterprises, sophisticated computer programs and computers are often required to assist in generating useful and relevant resource models for analyzing resource allocations. In some cases, the large number of items and entities required for enterprise scale resource modeling may make development of resource models difficult. In some cases the complexity of the models, the modelled items, and underlying entities may require allocation planners to engage in a long drawn out iterative process that may involve several stakeholders. In some cases, businesses may attempt to reduce the complexities associated with modeling individual resources by planning resource allocation using collections of resources to represent various business activities. Thus, it is with respect to these considerations and others that the invention has been made.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the present embodiments are described with reference to the following drawings. In the drawings, like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various figures unless otherwise specified. For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will be made to the following Detailed Description of the Various Embodiments, which is to be read in association with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows components of one embodiment of an environment in which at least one of the various embodiments may be practiced;

FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a client computer that may include many more or less components than those shown;

FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a network computer that may be included in a system implementing one or more embodiments of the described innovations;

FIG. 4 illustrates a portion of a logical architecture for a data model that may be enabled by at least one of the various embodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates an overview of a data model for providing total resource allocation value for a business organization;

FIG. 6 shows a logical illustration of an activity model for activity based resource allocation planning in accordance;

FIG. 7 shows a logical architecture of activity model components in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 8 illustrates an overview flowchart for a process for activity based resource allocation modeling in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments;

FIG. 9 illustrates an overview flowchart for a process for providing an activity model for resource allocation modeling in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments;

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart for a process for modeling resource allocation in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments;

FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart for a process for providing activity objects for resource allocation modeling in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments; and

FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart for a process for using activity based resource allocation modeling in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS

The present innovations now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments by which the invention may be practiced. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Among other things, the present invention may be embodied as methods or devices. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The phrase “In one of the embodiments” or “in at least one of the various embodiments” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, though it may. Furthermore, the phrase “in another embodiment” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment, although it may. Thus, as described below, various embodiments of the invention may be readily combined, without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.

In addition, as used herein, the term “or” is an inclusive “or” operator, and is equivalent to the term “and/or,” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “based on” is not exclusive and allows for being based on additional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In addition, throughout the specification, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references. The meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on.”

As used herein, the terms “resource allocation model,” and “data model” refer to a graph based representation of a system of resource allocation rules that may be used for tracking/analyzing resource allocation, resource consumption, resource budgeting, or the like. Nodes in the model may represent groups of items or objects that may be associated with resources and/or resource allocations. The edges of the graph may represent how resources may be allocated between the nodes (objects). A data model may be a visual rendering of a graph showing the nodes and the edges connecting the nodes.

As used herein, the term “model line item,” refers to a model line item maps to resource being consumed. Model line item may be associated with one or more line items in a data model and their associated characteristics, including resources, costs, description, or the like. For example, the costs associated with a particular computer that is an email server may be represented by a single model line item having a particular cost (e.g., the email server may correspond to a model line item).

As used herein, the term “data object,” or “model object” refers to a set and/or class of model line items that may be grouped together. Also, dataset information may be mapped to one or more categories by a modeling engine. For example, a collection of computers performing services such as email, web serving, enterprise resource planning, may represent separate model line items and they may be grouped into the Servers category and/or Servers Object. Nodes in the data model graph may be considered to represent model objects.

As used herein, the term “allocation rules” refer to rules in the data model that determine how the resources from a model object are apportioned between/among other model objects in the data model. Also, such rules may be assigned to individual model line items. For example, if an email server line item has a value of $1000 an allocation rule may be defined such that 50% of the expense may be allocated to the Marketing department and 50% may be allocated to the Engineering department. Also, allocation rules may be applied at the model objects as well as the model line item level.

As used herein, the term “assignment ratios,” refers to the results of applying one or more allocation rules and it is the distribution ratio of resources to model line items or model objects. For example, if $1000 may be allocated to Servers object, and the model line item Email Server is allocated $800 and the model line item FTP Server is allocated $200, the assignment ratios may be determined to 80% to model line item Email Server and 20% to model line item FTP Server. Assignment ratios may be explicitly defined by allocation rules. Or, in some case, they may be derived from allocation tables by converting the values into ratios of the total allocation to the model object.

As used herein, the terms “activity model” refers to a graph based representation of a system of activity based allocations that may be used for tracking/analyzing resource allocation in terms of the production and consumption of activities that correspond to the resource allocation. Nodes in a activity model may represent projects, services, departments, business units, or the like. The edges of the graph may represent allocations showing how resources may be transferred between the nodes (activity objects) in terms of activities and/or items. An activity model may be displayed using a visual rendering of a graph showing the nodes and the edges connecting the nodes.

As used herein, the term “activity model object,” or “activity object” refer to data structures that represent activities included in an activity model. Activities have some of the same type of characteristics such as unique identifiers, names, costs, or the like. Activity objects may be associated with one or more model objects in a data model.

As used herein, the term “bill of materials (BOM)” refers to a data structure representing a packaged resource or activity model that may be consumed as an activity object by other BOMs. In this sense, A BOM can be made up multiple BOMs because it can include one or more activity objects. In some cases, activity objects may be composed of other activity objects. BOMs define the constituent sub-activities that may be required produce activity. For example, an activity object representing onboarding a new employee may have a BOM that includes, among other things, provisioning a computer, provisioning a telephone, provisioning an email account, ten help desk calls per year, and so on. In some cases, a BOM for a service may be composed of other services which may have their own BOM.

As used herein, the term “external data source” refers to any separately located system that may enable and/or provide access to one or more datasets of information.

As used herein, the term “dataset” refers to a collection of data, usually presented in tabular form. Each column may represent a particular variable. Each row may represent a given member of the dataset. Also, it may list values for fields for each of the variables, such as name, location, cost, owner, manufacturer, serial number, or the like. In some embodiments, datasets may be ingested to produce data model objects for data models. Non-tabular datasets can also take the form of marked up strings of characters, such as an XML file.

As used herein, the term “source object” refers to a model object in a data model that may be providing resource values that may be allocated to one or more other model objects (target objects).

As used herein, the term “target object” refers to a model object in a data model that may be allocated resources from one or more other model objects (source objects).

As used herein, the term “source activity object” refers to an activity object in an activity model that may be providing resource values that may be allocated to one or more other activity objects (target activity objects).

As used herein, the term “target activity object” refers to an activity object in an activity model that may be allocated resources from one or more other activity objects (source activity objects).

The following briefly describes the embodiments of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This brief description is not intended as an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements, or to delineate or otherwise narrow the scope. Its purpose is merely to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

Briefly stated embodiments are directed to modeling resource allocations. In one or more of the various embodiments, a data model may be provided to an activity modeling engine, such that the data model may be comprised of two or more nodes and one or more edges stored in a memory that is configured and arranged to store the data model. And, such that each node represents a model object and each edge represents a resource allocation.

In one or more of the various embodiments, the activity modeling engine may be employed to provide an activity model based on the data model, such that the activity model may include one or more activity objects that each may be associated with one or more bills-of-materials (BOMs). In one or more of the various embodiments, providing the activity model may include traversing the data model to identify one or more model objects included in the data model. And, in some embodiments, providing the one or more activity objects for the activity model based on the one or more identified model objects.

In one or more of the various embodiments, providing the activity model may include, providing one or more specialized activity objects that include one or more of a service object, a project object, a department object, a labor pool, a business unit object, or the like.

In one or more of the various embodiments, one or more resource allocations from one or more source activity objects to one or more target activity objects may be provided based on the one or more BOMs, such that the one or more resource allocations may be modeled using unit values defined by the one or more BOMs. In one or more of the various embodiments, modeling the one or more resource allocations may include using two or more different unit values or allocation percentage shares associated with two or more of the one or more activity objects.

In one or more of the various embodiments, a report visualizing the activity model, such that the report may be presented by a hardware display.

In one or more of the various embodiments, if one or more modifications are made to the activity model, the data model may be updated based on the one or more modifications. In one or more of the various embodiments, if one or more modifications are made to the data model, the activity model may be updated based on the one or more modifications.

Illustrated Operating Environment

FIG. 1 shows components of one embodiment of an environment in which at least one of the various embodiments may be practiced. Not all of the components may be required to practice various embodiments, and variations in the arrangement and type of the components may be made. As shown, system 100 of FIG. 1 includes local area networks (“LANs”)/wide area networks (“WANs”)-(network) 111, wireless network 110, client computer 101-104, and Modeling Platform Server 107.

Generally, client computers 102-104 may include virtually any portable computing device capable of receiving and sending a message over a network, such as network 111, wireless network 110, or the like. Client computers 102-104 may also be described generally as client computers that are configured to be portable. Thus, client computers 102-104 may include virtually any portable computing device capable of connecting to another computing device and receiving information. Such devices include portable devices such as, cellular telephones, smart phones, display pagers, radio frequency (RF) devices, infrared (IR) devices, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA's), handheld computers, laptop computers, wearable computers, tablet computers, integrated devices combining one or more of the preceding devices, or the like. As such, client computers 102-104 typically range widely in terms of capabilities and features. For example, a cell phone may have a numeric keypad and a few lines of monochrome Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) on which only text may be displayed. In another example, a web-enabled mobile device may have a touch sensitive screen, a stylus, and several lines of color LCD in which both text and graphics may be displayed.

Client computer 101 may include virtually any computing device capable of communicating over a network to send and receive information, including messaging, performing various online actions, or the like. The set of such devices may include devices that typically connect using a wired or wireless communications medium such as personal computers, tablet computers, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network Personal Computers (PCs), or the like. In at least one of the various embodiments, at least some of client computers 102-104 may operate over wired and/or wireless network. Today, many of these devices include a capability to access and/or otherwise communicate over a network such as network 111 and/or wireless network 110. Moreover, client computers 102-104 may access various computing applications, including a browser, or other web-based application.

In at least one of the various embodiments, one or more of client computers 101-104 may be configured to operate within a business or other entity to perform a variety of services for the business or other entity. For example, client computers 101-104 may be configured to operate as a web server, an accounting server, a production server, an email server, video game server, an inventory server, or the like. However, client computers 101-104 are not constrained to these services and may also be employed, for example, as an end-user computing node, in other embodiments. Further, it should be recognized that more or less client computers may be included within a system such as described herein, and embodiments are therefore not constrained by the number or type of client computers employed.

A web-enabled client computer may include a browser application that is configured to receive and to send web pages, web-based messages, or the like. The browser application may be configured to receive and display graphics, text, multimedia, or the like, employing virtually any web-based language, including a wireless application protocol messages (WAP), or the like. In at least one of the various embodiments, the browser application is enabled to employ Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML), Wireless Markup Language (WML), WMLScript, JavaScript, Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), HyperText Markup Language (HTML), eXtensible Markup Language (XML), HTML5, or the like, to display and send a message. In at least one of the various embodiments, a user of the client computer may employ the browser application to perform various actions over a network.

Client computers 101-104 also may include at least one other client application that is configured to receive and/or send data, including resource allocation information, report requests (e.g., queries) between another computing device. Client applications may include a capability to provide requests and/or receive data relating to the data models, reports, project information, allocation rules, or the like. The client application may provide data representing assignment and/or allocation changes, selecting templates, editing cost allocations between or among categories, generating and/or modifying recursive allocation rules, or the like. In at least one of the various embodiments, client applications may receive and/or generate data related to data models and may generate tables and relationships between and among the data. In at least one of the various embodiments, client computers 101-104 may view and/or modify generated data models.

Wireless network 110 is configured to couple client computers 102-104 and its components with network 111. Wireless network 110 may include any of a variety of wireless sub-networks that may further overlay stand-alone ad-hoc networks, or the like, to provide an infrastructure-oriented connection for client computers 102-104. Such sub-networks may include mesh networks, Wireless LAN (WLAN) networks, cellular networks, or the like.

Wireless network 110 may further include an autonomous system of terminals, gateways, routers, or the like connected by wireless radio links, or the like. These connectors may be configured to move freely and randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily, such that the topology of wireless network 110 may change rapidly.

Wireless network 110 may further employ a plurality of access technologies including 2nd (2G), 3rd (3G), 4th (4G), 5th (5G) generation radio access for cellular systems, WLAN, Wireless Router (WR) mesh, or the like. Access technologies such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, and future access networks may enable wide area coverage for mobile devices, such as client computers 102-104 with various degrees of mobility. For example, wireless network 110 may enable a radio connection through a radio network access such as Global System for Mobil communication (GSM), General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), or the like. In essence, wireless network 110 may include virtually any wireless communication mechanism by which information may travel between client computers 102-104 and another computing device, network, or the like.

Network 111 is configured to couple network computers with other computing devices, including, modeling platform server computer 107, client computer(s) 101, and through wireless network 110 to client computers 102-104. Network 111 is enabled to employ any form of computer readable media for communicating information from one electronic device to another. Also, network 111 can include the Internet in addition to local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), direct connections, such as through a universal serial bus (USB) port, other forms of computer-readable media, or any combination thereof. On an interconnected set of LANs, including those based on differing architectures and protocols, a router acts as a link between LANs, enabling messages to be sent from one to another. In addition, communication links within LANs typically include twisted wire pair or coaxial cable, while communication links between networks may utilize analog telephone lines, full or fractional dedicated digital lines including T1, T2, T3, and T4, Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDNs), Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs), wireless links including satellite links, or other communications links known to those skilled in the art. For example, various Internet Protocols (IP), Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) architectures, and/or other communication protocols, architectures, models, and/or standards, may also be employed within network 111 and wireless network 110. Furthermore, remote computers and other related electronic devices could be remotely connected to either LANs or WANs via a modem and temporary telephone link. In essence, network 111 includes any communication method by which information may travel between computing devices.

Additionally, communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. By way of example, communication media includes wired media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics, wave guides, and other wired media and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media. Such communication media is distinct from, however, processor-readable storage devices described in more detail below.

Modeling platform server computer 107 may include virtually any network computer usable to perform data processing operation that may be used for generating data models, allocation rules, recursive allocation rules, resource allocations, displays and/or reports thereof, such as network computer 300 of FIG. 3. In at least one of the various embodiments, modeling platform server computer 107 employs various techniques to create, define, generate, automated data processing applications for resource planning. Modeling platform server computer 107 may include modules for generating data processing applications that may provide and apply data models that may include dataset templates, category templates, allocation rules, recursive allocation rules or the like. Furthermore, modeling platform server computer 107 may include and/or generate data processing applications for visualizing the generated resource allocations, data models, reciprocal models, allocation rules, recursive allocation rules, or the like.

Devices that may operate as modeling platform server computer 107 include various network computers, including, but not limited to personal computers, desktop computers, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, server devices, tablet computers, network appliances, or the like. It should be noted that while modeling platform server computer 107 is illustrated as a single network computer, the invention is not so limited. Thus, in another embodiment, modeling platform server computer 107 may represent a plurality of network computers. For example, in at least one of the various embodiments, modeling platform server computer 107 may be distributed over a plurality of network computers and/or implemented using cloud architecture.

Moreover, modeling platform server computer 107 is not limited to a particular configuration. Rather, modeling platform server computer 107 may operate using a controller/worker approach over a plurality of network computers, within a cluster, a peer-to-peer architecture, cloud-based architecture (e.g., virtual machines), and/or any of a variety of other architectures. Thus, modeling platform server computer 107 is not to be construed as being limited to a single environment, and other configurations, and architectures are also envisaged. modeling platform server computer 107 may employ processes and architectures described below to perform at least some of its actions.

Illustrative Client Computer

FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of client computer 200 that may include many more or less components than those shown. Client computer 200 may represent, for example, at least one embodiment of mobile computers or client computers shown in FIG. 1.

Client computer 200 may include processor 202 in communication with memory 204 via bus 228. Client computer 200 may also include power supply 230, network interface 232, audio interface 256, display 250, keypad 252, illuminator 254, video interface 242, input/output interface 238, haptic interface 264, global positioning systems (GPS) receiver 258, open air gesture interface 260, temperature interface 262, camera(s) 240, projector 246, pointing device interface 266, processor-readable stationary storage device 234, and processor-readable removable storage device 236. Client computer 200 may optionally communicate with a base station (not shown), or directly with another computer. And in one embodiment, although not shown, a gyroscope may be employed within client computer 200 to measuring and/or maintaining an orientation of client computer 200.

Power supply 230 may provide power to client computer 200. A rechargeable or non-rechargeable battery may be used to provide power. The power may also be provided by an external power source, such as an AC adapter or a powered docking cradle that supplements and/or recharges the battery.

Network interface 232 includes circuitry for coupling client computer 200 to one or more networks, and is constructed for use with one or more communication protocols and technologies including, but not limited to, protocols and technologies that implement any portion of the OSI model for mobile communication (GSM), CDMA, time division multiple access (TDMA), UDP, TCP/IP, SMS, MMS, GPRS, WAP, UWB, WiMax, SIP/RTP, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, LTE, UMTS, OFDM, CDMA2000, EV-DO, HSDPA, or any of a variety of other wireless communication protocols. Network interface 232 is sometimes known as a transceiver, transceiving device, or network interface card (NIC).

Audio interface 256 may be arranged to produce and receive audio signals such as the sound of a human voice. For example, audio interface 256 may be coupled to a speaker and microphone (not shown) to enable telecommunication with others and/or generate an audio acknowledgement for some action. A microphone in audio interface 256 can also be used for input to or control of client computer 200, e.g., using voice recognition, detecting touch based on sound, and the like.

Display 250 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), gas plasma, electronic ink, light emitting diode (LED), Organic LED (OLED) or any other type of light reflective or light transmissive display that can be used with a computer. Display 250 may also include a touch interface 244 arranged to receive input from an object such as a stylus or a digit from a human hand, and may use resistive, capacitive, surface acoustic wave (SAW), infrared, radar, or other technologies to sense touch and/or gestures.

Projector 246 may be a remote handheld projector or an integrated projector that is capable of projecting an image on a remote wall or any other reflective object such as a remote screen.

Video interface 242 may be arranged to capture video images, such as a still photo, a video segment, an infrared video, or the like. For example, video interface 242 may be coupled to a digital video camera, a web-camera, or the like. Video interface 242 may comprise a lens, an image sensor, and other electronics. Image sensors may include a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit, charge-coupled device (CCD), or any other integrated circuit for sensing light.

Keypad 252 may comprise any input device arranged to receive input from a user. For example, keypad 252 may include a push button numeric dial, or a keyboard. Keypad 252 may also include command buttons that are associated with selecting and sending images.

Illuminator 254 may provide a status indication and/or provide light. Illuminator 254 may remain active for specific periods of time or in response to events. For example, when illuminator 254 is active, it may backlight the buttons on keypad 252 and stay on while the client computer is powered. Also, illuminator 254 may backlight these buttons in various patterns when particular actions are performed, such as dialing another client computer. Illuminator 254 may also cause light sources positioned within a transparent or translucent case of the client computer to illuminate in response to actions.

Further, client computer 200 may also comprise hardware security module (HSM) 268 for providing additional tamper resistant safeguards for generating, storing and/or using security/cryptographic information such as, keys, digital certificates, passwords, passphrases, two-factor authentication information, or the like. In some embodiments, hardware security module may be employed to support one or more standard public key infrastructures (PKI), and may be employed to generate, manage, and/or store keys pairs, or the like. In some embodiments, HSM 268 may be arranged as a hardware card that may be added to a client computer.

Client computer 200 may also comprise input/output interface 238 for communicating with external peripheral devices or other computers such as other client computers and network computers. The peripheral devices may include an audio headset, display screen glasses, remote speaker system, remote speaker and microphone system, and the like. Input/output interface 238 can utilize one or more technologies, such as Universal Serial Bus (USB), Infrared, WiFi, WiMax, Bluetooth™, and the like.

Haptic interface 264 may be arranged to provide tactile feedback to a user of the client computer. For example, the haptic interface 264 may be employed to vibrate client computer 200 in a particular way when another user of a computer is calling. Open air gesture interface 260 may sense physical gestures of a user of client computer 200, for example, by using single or stereo video cameras, radar, a gyroscopic sensor inside a computer held or worn by the user, or the like. Camera 240 may be used to track physical eye movements of a user of client computer 200.

In at least one of the various embodiments, client computer 200 may also include sensors 262 for determining geolocation information (e.g., GPS), monitoring electrical power conditions (e.g., voltage sensors, current sensors, frequency sensors, and so on), monitoring weather (e.g., thermostats, barometers, anemometers, humidity detectors, precipitation scales, or the like), light monitoring, audio monitoring, motion sensors, or the like. Sensors 262 may be one or more hardware sensors that collect and/or measure data that is external to client computer 200

GPS transceiver 258 can determine the physical coordinates of client computer 200 on the surface of the Earth, which typically outputs a location as latitude and longitude values. GPS transceiver 258 can also employ other geo-positioning mechanisms, including, but not limited to, triangulation, assisted GPS (AGPS), Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD), Cell Identifier (CI), Service Area Identifier (SAI), Enhanced Timing Advance (ETA), Base Station Subsystem (BSS), or the like, to further determine the physical location of client computer 200 on the surface of the Earth. It is understood that under different conditions, GPS transceiver 258 can determine a physical location for client computer 200. In at least one embodiment, however, client computer 200 may, through other components, provide other information that may be employed to determine a physical location of the client computer, including for example, a Media Access Control (MAC) address, IP address, and the like.

In at least one of the various embodiments, applications, such as, resource modeling client application 222, web browser 226, or the like, may be arranged to employ geo-location information to select one or more localization features, such as, time zones, languages, currencies, calendar formatting, or the like. Localization features may be used in user-interfaces, reports, as well as internal processes and/or databases. In at least one of the various embodiments, geo-location information used for selecting localization information may be provided by GPS 258. Also, in some embodiments, geolocation information may include information provided using one or more geolocation protocols over the networks, such as, wireless network 108 and/or network 111.

Human interface components can be peripheral devices that are physically separate from client computer 200, allowing for remote input and/or output to client computer 200. For example, information routed as described here through human interface components such as display 250 or keyboard 252 can instead be routed through network interface 232 to appropriate human interface components located remotely. Examples of human interface peripheral components that may be remote include, but are not limited to, audio devices, pointing devices, keypads, displays, cameras, projectors, and the like. These peripheral components may communicate over a Pico Network such as Bluetooth™, Zigbee™ and the like. One non-limiting example of a client computer with such peripheral human interface components is a wearable computer, which might include a remote pico projector along with one or more cameras that remotely communicate with a separately located client computer to sense a user's gestures toward portions of an image projected by the pico projector onto a reflected surface such as a wall or the user's hand.

A client computer may include web browser application 226 that may be configured to receive and to send web pages, web-based messages, graphics, text, multimedia, and the like. The client computer's browser application may employ virtually any programming language, including a wireless application protocol messages (WAP), and the like. In at least one embodiment, the browser application is enabled to employ Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML), Wireless Markup Language (WML), WMLScript, JavaScript, Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), HyperText Markup Language (HTML), eXtensible Markup Language (XML), HTML5, and the like.

Memory 204 may include RAM, ROM, and/or other types of memory. Memory 204 illustrates an example of computer-readable storage media (devices) for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Memory 204 may store Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) 208 for controlling low-level operation of client computer 200. The memory may also store operating system 206 for controlling the operation of client computer 200. It will be appreciated that this component may include a general-purpose operating system such as a version of UNIX, or LINUX™, or a specialized client computer communication operating system such as Windows Phone™. The operating system may include, or interface with a Java and/or JavaScript virtual machine modules that enable control of hardware components and/or operating system operations via Java application programs or JavaScript programs.

Memory 204 may further include one or more data storage 210, which can be utilized by client computer 200 to store, among other things, applications 220 and/or other data. For example, data storage 210 may also be employed to store information that describes various capabilities of client computer 200. The information may then be provided to another device or computer based on any of a variety of events, including being sent as part of a header during a communication, sent upon request, or the like. Data storage 210 may also be employed to store social networking information including address books, buddy lists, aliases, user profile information, or the like. Data storage 210 may further include program code, data, algorithms, and the like, for use by a processor, such as processor 202 to execute and perform actions. In one embodiment, at least some of data storage 210 might also be stored on another component of client computer 200, including, but not limited to, non-transitory processor-readable removable storage device 236, processor-readable stationary storage device 234, or even external to the client computer.

Applications 220 may include computer executable instructions which, when executed by client computer 200, transmit, receive, and/or otherwise process instructions and data. Applications 220 may include, for example, resource modeling client application 222. In at least one of the various embodiments, resource modeling client application 222 may be used to exchange communications to and from modeling platform server computer 107, including, but not limited to, queries, searches, API calls, configuration information, reports, notifications, activity reports, allocation planning information, or the like.

Other examples of application programs include calendars, search programs, email client applications, IM applications, SMS applications, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) applications, contact managers, task managers, transcoders, database programs, word processing programs, security applications, spreadsheet programs, games, search programs, and so forth.

Additionally, in one or more embodiments (not shown in the figures), client computer 200 may include one or more embedded logic hardware devices instead of one or more CPUs, such as, an Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Programmable Array Logic (PAL), or the like, or combination thereof. The embedded logic hardware devices may directly execute embedded logic to perform actions. Also, in one or more embodiments (not shown in the figures), the client computer may include one or more hardware microcontrollers instead of one or more CPUs. In at least one embodiment, the microcontrollers be system-on-a-chips (SOCs) that may directly execute their own embedded logic to perform actions and access their own internal memory and their own external Input and Output Interfaces (e.g., hardware pins and/or wireless transceivers) to perform actions.

Illustrative Network Computer

FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of network computer 300 that may be included in a system implementing one or more embodiments of the described innovations. Network computer 300 may include many more or less components than those shown in FIG. 3. However, the components shown are sufficient to disclose an illustrative embodiment for practicing these innovations. Network computer 300 may represent, for example, one embodiment of modeling platform server computer 107 of FIG. 1.

As shown in the figure, network computer 300 includes a processor 302 in communication with a memory 304 via a bus 328. Network computer 300 also includes a power supply 330, network interface 332, audio interface 356, global positioning systems (GPS) receiver 362, display 350, keyboard 352, input/output interface 338, processor-readable stationary storage device 334, and processor-readable removable storage device 336. Power supply 330 provides power to network computer 300.

Network interface 332 includes circuitry for coupling network computer 300 to one or more networks, and is constructed for use with one or more communication protocols and technologies including, but not limited to, protocols and technologies that implement any portion of the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model), global system for mobile communication (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), user datagram protocol (UDP), transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), Short Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), general packet radio service (GPRS), WAP, ultra wide band (UWB), IEEE 802.16 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Session Initiation Protocol/Real-time Transport Protocol (SIP/RTP), or any of a variety of other wired and wireless communication protocols. Network interface 332 is sometimes known as a transceiver, transceiving device, or network interface card (NIC). Network computer 300 may optionally communicate with a base station (not shown), or directly with another computer.

Audio interface 356 is arranged to produce and receive audio signals such as the sound of a human voice. For example, audio interface 356 may be coupled to a speaker and microphone (not shown) to enable telecommunication with others and/or generate an audio acknowledgement for some action. A microphone in audio interface 356 can also be used for input to or control of network computer 300, for example, using voice recognition.

Display 350 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), gas plasma, electronic ink, light emitting diode (LED), Organic LED (OLED) or any other type of light reflective or light transmissive display that can be used with a computer. Display 350 may be a handheld projector or pico projector capable of projecting an image on a wall or other object.

Network computer 300 may also comprise input/output interface 338 for communicating with external devices or computers not shown in FIG. 3. Input/output interface 338 can utilize one or more wired or wireless communication technologies, such as USB™, Firewire™, WiFi, WiMax, Thunderbolt™, Infrared, Bluetooth™, Zigbee™, serial port, parallel port, and the like.

GPS transceiver 362 can determine the physical coordinates of network computer 300 on the surface of the Earth, which typically outputs a location as latitude and longitude values. GPS transceiver 362 can also employ other geo-positioning mechanisms, including, but not limited to, triangulation, assisted GPS (AGPS), Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD), Cell Identifier (CI), Service Area Identifier (SAI), Enhanced Timing Advance (ETA), Base Station Subsystem (BSS), or the like, to further determine the physical location of network computer 300 on the surface of the Earth. It is understood that under different conditions, GPS transceiver 362 can determine a physical location for network computer 300.

Network computer 300 may also include sensors 364 for determining geolocation information (e.g., GPS), monitoring electrical power conditions (e.g., voltage sensors, current sensors, frequency sensors, and so on), monitoring weather (e.g., thermostats, barometers, anemometers, humidity detectors, precipitation scales, or the like), light monitoring, audio monitoring, motion sensors, or the like. Sensors 364 may be one or more hardware sensors that collect and/or measure data that is external to network computer 300

In at least one embodiment, however, network computer 300 may, through other components, provide other information that may be employed to determine a physical location of the client computer, including for example, a Media Access Control (MAC) address, IP address, and the like.

Human interface components can be physically separate from network computer 300, allowing for remote input and/or output to network computer 300. For example, information routed as described here through human interface components such as display 350 or keyboard 352 can instead be routed through the network interface 332 to appropriate human interface components located elsewhere on the network. Human interface components include any component that allows the computer to take input from, or send output to, a human user of a computer. Accordingly, pointing devices such as mice, styluses, track balls, or the like, may communicate through pointing device interface 358 to receive user input.

Memory 304 may include Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), and/or other types of non-transitory computer readable and/or writeable media. Memory 304 illustrates an example of computer-readable storage media (devices) for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Memory 304 stores a basic input/output system (BIOS) 308 for controlling low-level operation of network computer 300. The memory also stores an operating system 306 for controlling the operation of network computer 300. It will be appreciated that this component may include a general-purpose operating system such as a version of UNIX, or LINUX™, or a specialized operating system such as Microsoft Corporation's Windows® operating system, or the Apple Corporation's IOS® operating system. The operating system may include, or interface with a Java virtual machine module that enables control of hardware components and/or operating system operations via Java application programs. Likewise, other runtime environments may be included.

Memory 304 may further include one or more data storage 310, which can be utilized by network computer 300 to store, among other things, applications 320 and/or other data. For example, data storage 310 may also be employed to store information that describes various capabilities of network computer 300. The information may then be provided to another device or computer based on any of a variety of events, including being sent as part of a header during a communication, sent upon request, or the like. Data storage 410 may also be employed to store social networking information including address books, buddy lists, aliases, user profile information, or the like. Data storage 310 may further include program code, data, algorithms, and the like, for use by a processor, such as processor 302 to execute and perform actions such as those actions described below. In one embodiment, at least some of data storage 310 might also be stored on another component of network computer 300, including, but not limited to, non-transitory media inside processor-readable removable storage device 336, processor-readable stationary storage device 334, or any other computer-readable storage device within network computer 300, or even external to network computer 300. Data storage 310 may include, for example, data model information 314, activity model information 316, or the like.

Applications 320 may include computer executable instructions which, when executed by network computer 300, transmit, receive, and/or otherwise process messages (e.g., SMS, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), Instant Message (IM), email, and/or other messages), audio, video, and enable telecommunication with another user of another mobile computer. Other examples of application programs include calendars, search programs, email client applications, IM applications, SMS applications, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) applications, contact managers, task managers, transcoders, database programs, word processing programs, security applications, spreadsheet programs, games, search programs, and so forth. Applications 320 may include resource modeling engine 322, activity engine 324, visualization engine 325, analysis engine 326, other applications 327, or the like, that may perform actions further described below. In at least one of the various embodiments, one or more of the applications may be implemented as modules and/or components of another application. Further, in at least one of the various embodiments, applications may be implemented as operating system extensions, modules, plugins, or the like.

In at least one of the various embodiments, applications, such as, resource modeling engine 322, activity engine 324, visualization engine 325, analysis engine 326, other applications 327, or the like, may be arranged to employ geo-location information to select one or more localization features, such as, time zones, languages, currencies, calendar formatting, or the like. Localization features may be used in user-interfaces, reports, as well as internal processes and/or databases. In at least one of the various embodiments, geo-location information used for selecting localization information may be provided by GPS 362. Also, in some embodiments, geolocation information may include information provided using one or more geolocation protocols over the networks, such as, wireless network 108 and/or network 111.

Furthermore, in at least one of the various embodiments, resource modeling engine 322, activity engine 324, visualization engine 325, or analysis engine 326 may be operative in a cloud-based computing environment. In at least one of the various embodiments, these engines, and others, that comprise the modeling platform that may be executing within virtual machines and/or virtual servers that may be managed in a cloud-based based computing environment. In at least one of the various embodiments, in this context applications including the engines may flow from one physical network computer within the cloud-based environment to another depending on performance and scaling considerations automatically managed by the cloud computing environment. Likewise, in at least one of the various embodiments, virtual machines and/or virtual servers dedicated to resource modeling engine 322, activity engine 324, visualization engine 325, or analysis engine 326 may be provisioned and de-commissioned automatically.

Further, in some embodiments, network computer 300 may also include hardware security module (HSM) 360 for providing additional tamper resistant safeguards for generating, storing and/or using security/cryptographic information such as, keys, digital certificates, passwords, passphrases, two-factor authentication information, or the like. In some embodiments, hardware security module may be employ to support one or more standard public key infrastructures (PKI), and may be employed to generate, manage, and/or store keys pairs, or the like. In some embodiments, HSM 360 may be arranged as a hardware card that may be installed in a network computer.

Additionally, in one or more embodiments (not shown in the figures), network computer 300 may include an one or more embedded logic hardware devices instead of one or more CPUs, such as, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Programmable Array Logic (PALs), or the like, or combination thereof. The one or more embedded logic hardware devices may directly execute its embedded logic to perform actions. Also, in one or more embodiments (not shown in the figures), the network computer may include one or more hardware microcontrollers instead of one or more CPUs. In at least one embodiment, the one or more microcontrollers may directly execute embedded logic to perform actions and access their own internal memory and their own external Input and Output Interfaces (e.g., hardware pins and/or wireless transceivers) to perform actions. E.g., they may be arranged as Systems On Chips (SOCs).

In at least one of the various embodiments, resource modeling engine 322, activity engine 324, visualization engine 325, or analysis engine 326 may enable a user to generate project plans, allocation rules, data models, reports, what-if-analysis, or the like. Also in at least one of the various embodiments, resource modeling engine 322, activity engine 324, visualization engine 325, or analysis engine 326 may employ processes, or parts of processes, similar to those described below.

Illustrative Logical System Architecture

FIG. 4 illustrates a portion of a logical architecture for data model 400 that may be enabled by at least one of the various embodiments.

In at least one of the various embodiments, model 400 may have five objects: GL 402, Servers 404, Storage 410, Support 414, and Business Units 420. In at least one of the various embodiments, each object contains a set of resource cost line items. For example, GL 402 includes resource cost line items for Payroll, Taxes and Rent. Likewise, Support 414 includes resource cost line items Email, Printers, Telephone, and Parking. In at least one of the various embodiments, each resource cost line item has one or more associated resource values. For example, Storage 410 has two resource cost line items, D1, and D2 (e.g., disk drives) having associated resource cost values of $1000 each.

Allocation rules may be used to connect objects of data model 400. In at least one of the various embodiments, allocation rules may show how resources flow between the objects modeled by data model 400. Resulting in a graph where the objects may be represented as nodes and the allocation rules may be represented as edges. In at least one of the various embodiments, generally a data model may be represented by a directed acyclic graph but that is not a requirement for an operative model. In at least one of the various embodiments, a model graph may contain cycles that are resolved or estimated using mathematical techniques, including but not limited to Gaussian elimination, Cholesky decomposition or Newton's method.

In at least one of the various embodiments, data models may be arranged to be stored in self-referential database such that some or all of the data objects for a data model may be stored in the same table. Accordingly, different records in the table may be arranged to include references to other records in the same table that also represent data model objects for a data model. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the graph structure of a data model may be represented in a single table rather than require normalized databased tables. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the data models may be traversed by scanning through a single table rather than having to execute slower performing database query joins, or the like.

In at least one of the various embodiments, allocation rule 406 represents a rule allocating 20% of the resources of object GL 402 (source object) to Servers object 404 (target object). In this example, GL 402 includes resources values at $20,000, thus 20% of $20,000 (e.g., $4,000) flows based on allocation rule 406 to Servers 404. Likewise, allocation rule 408 may allocate $2,000 from GL 402 to Storage 410. The other allocation rules in data model 400 allocate 100% of the resource to the next data object: allocation rule 412 directs 100% of the resources (e.g., $4,000) to flow to Support 414; allocation rule 418 directs 100% of the resources in Support (e.g., $4,000) to flow to Business Units 420; and allocation rule 416 directs 100% of the resources from Storage 410 to flow to Business Units 420.

In at least one of the various embodiments, resources that flows into a data object may be allocated among the included resource cost line items. In at least one of the various embodiments, each object may have one or more rules that may describe the assignment ratios for how the resources associate with a data object may be assigned to resource cost line items. For the categories 404, 410, 414, and 420, simple allocation rules assign the resources in the object evenly among the resource cost line items comprising each data object. GL 402 may have different assignment ratios, in this non-limiting example, the assignment ratio between the resource cost line items may be 50% to Payroll, 25% to Taxes, and 25% to Rent.

In at least one of the various embodiments, an assignment ratio may represent how the resources in an organization may be assigned to the actual resource cost line items. In at least one of the various embodiments, rules may be applied that distribute the resources based on formulas that may be defined by the users or administrators who designed the data model. In at least one of the various embodiments, the assignment ratios and allocations may be modified as part of the modeling process.

The data model 400 is a simplified model useful for facilitating discussion and understanding of the embodiments, since allocation rules for models of large organizations can be numerous and complex. However, model 400 is at least sufficient to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice what is claimed herein.

FIG. 5 illustrates an overview of data model 500 for providing total resource allocation value 502 for a system, such as a business organization. Data source 506 provides a dataset to fields of dataset template 508. At least some of the fields of dataset template 508 normalize the provided dataset. Model template 504 is arranged to map the normalized data in the fields of dataset template 508 to a plurality of data object, including data objects 510, 512, 514, 516, 518, 522, 524, and 526. Also, although not shown, each object may be associated with one or more allocation rules so that allocated percentages of the normalized data set are distributed to the plurality of data objects based on their associated allocation rules.

Additionally, some of the objects may be aggregated into other data objects. For example, objects 510 and 512 may be aggregated into summing object 522. Also, as shown, objects 514 and 516 and 518 may be aggregated together at block 520 and then further allocated to summing object 524. Further, as shown, some portion of the normalized dataset may be allocated directly to summing object 526. The summing objects may then be allocated by allocation rules to provide total resource allocation value 502.

Furthermore, although not shown, in at least one of the various embodiments, data model 500 may be edited to include additional analysis, such as recommendations, simulations, benchmarks, or the like. For example, historical information from other models and heuristics used by other anonymous systems using the same resource may be employed at least in part to analyze and compare the current model and suggest changes to that model that may be less costly in providing a total resource value for the current system.

FIG. 6 shows a logical illustration of activity model 600 for activity based resource allocation planning in accordance. In one or more of the various embodiments, activity models, such as activity model 600 may be used for planning resource allocation. In one or more of the various embodiments, activity models may be arranged to represent resource allocation in terms of the actual activities being performed rather than a common resource allocation unit.

In this example, activity model 600 is presented to provide a framework for discussing the various features and/or embodiments for activity based planning. In this example, activity model 600 is a simplified representation that models the activity objects associated with employees for an organization. In this example, activity model 600 represents portions of an organization that has 500 employees, where each employee needs an email account and a laptop computer.

In one or more of the various embodiments, activity model 600 includes one or more activity objects, such as, activity object 602 (email service), activity object 604 (human resources business unit), activity object 606 (sales business unit), activity object 608 (helpdesk call center), activity object 610 (IT department). These activity objects represent the active participants in this limited model. In some embodiments, activity objects may be classified into services, projects, business units, departments, or the like. In this example, activity object 602 (email) is a service; activity object 604 (human resources) is a business unit; activity object 606 (sales) is a business unit; activity object 608 (helpdesk) is a department; and activity object 610 (IT) is a department.

In one or more of the various embodiments, the edges shown in activity model 600 represent resource allocations that occur between its activity objects.

In this example, edge 616 represents laptops being provided from activity object 610 to activity object 606; edge 622 represents laptops being provided from activity object 610 to activity object 604; edge 624 represents laptops being provided from activity object 610 to activity object 608; edge 616 represents laptops being provided from activity object 610 to activity object 606; edge 626 represents laptops being provided from activity object 610 to activity object 602; edge 612 represents email accounts being provided from activity object 602 to activity object 606; edge 614 represents email accounts being provided from activity object 602 to activity object 604; edge 618 represents email accounts being provided from activity object 602 to activity object 610; edge 620 represents email accounts being provided from activity object 602 to activity object 608; edge 624 represents laptops being provided from activity object 610 to activity object 608; edge 622 represents laptops being provided from activity object 610 to activity object 604; and edge 628 represents helpdesk calls being provided from activity object 608 to activity object 602.

In one or more of the various embodiments, the edges of activity model 600 represent resource allocation in terms of the activity and/or services being produced and/or consumed. For example, edge 616 (among others) represent the number of laptops being provided to an activity object. In this case, one laptop per employee associated with activity object 606 (sales). Likewise, activity object 602 produces email accounts, one per employee in this example.

Accordingly, table 630 may be a data structure that represents the specific allocations for a modeled organization. In some embodiments, table 630 may include one or more columns, such as, column 632 representing activity object identifiers (in this example a name); column 634 represent the type of the activity object; column 636 representing the resources produced by the activity object; and column 638 representing resources consumed by the activity object.

Accordingly, for this example, row 640 shows that the human resources business unit (activity object 604) consumes 100 laptop computers and 100 email accounts (reflecting that there are 100 employees in the human resources business unit); row 642 shows that the sales business unit (activity object 606) consumes 200 laptop computers and 200 email accounts (reflecting that there are 200 employees in the sales business unit); row 644 shows that the helpdesk call center department (activity object 608) produces 1000 support calls and consumes 100 laptop computers and 100 email accounts (reflecting that there are 100 employees in the helpdesk department); row 646 shows that the IT department (activity object 610) produces 500 laptop computers and consumes 100 laptop computers and 100 email accounts (reflecting that there are 100 employees in the IT department); and row 648 shows that the email service (activity object 602) produces 500 email accounts and consumes 1000 helpdesk support calls.

Accordingly, in one or more of the various embodiments, a user may employ activity models, such as activity model 600 for planning resource allocations and/or resource needs based on planned activities. Thus, if one laptop computer is provided for each employee, IT (activity object 610) plans for one laptop per employee and allocates them accordingly. In contrast, a data model, such as data model 500 may be arranged to represent the resource allocation in terms of the costs of the underlying resource. While representing the resource allocation in terms of its costs may be an accurate representation, it may be harder to convey the nature and/or necessity of the underlying activity.

For example, in some embodiments, a data model may include the same allocation information just represented in different unit of measure. A data model may be arranged to show that the IT department is allocated $500,0000 and that it allocates $500,000 to different consumers (representing $1000 per laptop computer). Alternatively, if activity model 600 is used, it is clear that the IT department is using the $500,000 for laptops that are allocated to employees.

Thus, in this example, an activity model, such as activity model 600 may empower stakeholders in the IT department to clearly defend and/or advocate for the resources they need. If a 5% cut is planned using a data model, it is easy to just reduce the money allocation to the IT department to $475,000. The allocation change may seamlessly flow through the data model. However, if an activity model is used, it may be easy to see that now the IT department can only provide 475 laptops which results in 25 employees without laptops computers.

Further, in one or more of the various embodiments, activity models may include resource allocations that exceed the capacity of one or more source objects. For example, an activity model may show that a sales object is requesting more email accounts than the email service can provide, and so on. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the activity model could indicate deficiencies or shortfalls in “down-line” resources that may not otherwise be easily predicted or observed.

Likewise, in one or more of the various embodiments, activity models may model systems where resources or capacities of one or more activity objects may be un-used or un-allocated. For example, an activity model may represent that an IT department may be allocating 500 laptops even though the IT department has the capacity to provide 600 laptops.

FIG. 7 shows a logical architecture of activity model components 700 in accordance with one or more embodiments. In one or more of the various embodiments, activity models may be comprised of activity objects and allocation line items. In one or more of the various embodiments, activity object 702 may be a data structure arranged to represent characteristics and/or attributes that may be common to different types of activity objects. In some embodiments, common characteristics and/or attributes may include object names, object type identifiers, allocated resources, owner, or the like.

In one or more of the various embodiments, specialized activity object may be arranged to represent particular types of activities and/or actors of an organization. In some embodiments, specialized activity objects may include, projects object 704, services object 706, departments object 708, labor pools 710, business units object 712, or the like. In one or more of the various embodiments, specialized activity objects may be arranged to include characteristics and/or attributes unique to a given type of activity object.

In one or more of the various embodiments, specialized activity objects may include one or more bill-of-materials (BOM) that define the sub-activities/sub-parts for a specialized activity. For example, an email service activity object the provides email access to employees may include a BOM that requires/includes 10 helpdesk calls and 1 GB of storage per email for each provided email account. In this example, if an organization plans to hire 100 new employees and provide them email accounts, the activity model would indicate that this plan consumes 1000 helpdesk calls and 100 GB of data storage.

In another example, in one or more of the various embodiments, a specialized activity object, such as an “on-board new employee service” may be defined such that it includes a BOM that requires one email account from the email service, one laptop computer produced from the IT department, and so on. Thus, continuing with this example, an activity model would clearly show that a plan to hire 100 employees would require 100 laptops, 100 email accounts, 100 GB of storage, and capacity for 1000 helpdesk calls.

In one or more of the various embodiments, resource allocations may be represented using a data structure such as line item 714. Similar to activity objects and specialized activity objects, line items may be specialized using data structures such as allocations item 716, contracts item 718, or the like.

In one or more of the various embodiments, line item records may represent actual resource allocations of activities in an activity model. For example, the allocation of 100 laptops from the IT department activity object to a sales activity object may be represented by an allocation item.

Generalized Operations

FIGS. 8-12 represent the generalized operations for models for visualizing resource allocation in accordance with at least one of the various embodiments. In at least one of the various embodiments, processes 800, 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 described in conjunction with FIGS. 8-12 may be implemented by and/or executed on a single network computer, such as network computer 300 of FIG. 3. In other embodiments, these processes or portions thereof may be implemented by and/or executed on a plurality of network computers, such as network computer 300 of FIG. 3. However, embodiments are not so limited, and various combinations of network computers, client computers, virtual machines, or the like may be utilized. Further, in at least one of the various embodiments, the processes described in conjunction with FIGS. 8-12 may be operative in activity based resource allocation modeling such as described in conjunction with FIGS. 4-7.

FIG. 8 illustrates an overview flowchart for process 800 for activity based resource allocation modeling in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments. After a start block, at block 802, in at least one of the various embodiments, a data model that models resource allocation for an organization may be provided to an activity modeling engine, such as activity modeling engine 324.

At block 804, in one or more of the various embodiments, an activity model may be provided based on the data model. In some embodiments, one or more activity models may be provided based on the information associated with data model. In one or more of the various embodiments, the activity modeling engine may be arranged to traverse the data model identifying one or more model objects that may be mapped to one or more activity objects.

In one or more of the various embodiments, one or more activity objects may be unassociated with specific model objects. For example, an activity model may be arranged to include an email service activity object that is not directly included in the data model.

At block 806, in one or more of the various embodiments, the activity model may be used to model the resource allocation for the organization. Resource allocations in the activity model may be defined in terms of units and/or values that may be relevant to the source activity objects. In some embodiments, the users responsible for an activity object (e.g., IT managers may be responsible for the IT department object) may be enabled to define/select the units/values that represent the allocation of the their resources. For example, the IT department object may be arranged to allocate resources such as laptop computers in terms of the number of units provided rather than their monetary value.

Likewise, in one or more of the various embodiments, resources allocations may be defined in terms of percentage shares, or the like, rather than being limited to specific units or items. For example, an marketing activity object may be defined to allocation 20% of its activities to one business unit and 80% to another. Thus, the actual resource value or unit allocation to the two business units in this example may vary depending on the capacity of the marketing object.

At block 808, in one or more of the various embodiments, reports may be provided based on the activity model and the modeled resource allocations. In one or more of the various embodiments, reports may include one or more interactive graphical displays of allocation information provided using a visualization engine, such as visualization engine 325.

At block 810, in one or more of the various embodiments, optionally, during the resource modeling process, the activity model may be modified to reflect updated plans and/or new information. Accordingly, in one or more of the various embodiments, activity modeling engine may be arranged to push modifications made to the activity model to the underlying data model. For example, if an activity model is modified to show that an additional one hundred laptop computers are allocated from the IT department to the sales business unit, the corresponding data objects in the data model may be adjusted accordingly (e.g., showing that an additional $100,000 of IT's budget may be allocated to the sales business unit data object).

This block is indicated as optional because in some cases the activity model may remain unmodified. Also, in some embodiments, the activity modeling engine may be configured to refrain from automatically pushing modifications to the data model.

Next, control may be returned to a calling process.

FIG. 9 illustrates an overview flowchart for process 900 for providing an activity model for resource allocation modeling in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments. After a start block, at block 902, in at least one of the various embodiments, a source activity object and a target activity object may be provided. In one or more of the various embodiments, source activity objects may be activity objects included in activity models that allocate one or more resources to other activity objects in the same activity models. Likewise, target activity objects may be activity objects included in activity models that may be allocated resources from other activity objects in the same activity models.

In one or more of the various embodiments, one or more source activity objects and/or one or more target activity objects may be derived from one or more model objects included in one or more underlying data models. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the activity modeling engine may be arranged to traverse one or more underlying data model to produce an activity model. Also, in one or more of the various embodiments, a user may modify existing (including automatically generated activity models) by adding, removing, or modifying activity objects.

At block 904, In one or more of the various embodiments, allocation information for allocation of resources from the source activity object to the target activity object may be provided. In one or more of the various embodiments, allocation information associated with the data model may be processed to provide the resource allocations for the activity model.

In one or more of the various embodiments, one or more rules associated with bills-of-material (BOMs) included in the activity objects may be executed to map resource allocations in the data model to activity based resource allocations included in the activity model. In one or more of the various embodiments, the rules may include conversion formulas for mapping allocation values from the data model to the activity model.

In one or more of the various embodiments, users may provide resource allocation information that may be not included in the data model. Likewise, allocation information may be provided from one or more internal or external sources separate from the data model.

In one or more of the various embodiments, each resource allocation represented in an activity model may be defined against single resources. Also, in one or more of the various embodiments, resource allocations may be made against one or more resources represented by a single activity object.

At block 906, in one or more of the various embodiments, one or more reports may be provided the regarding the activity based resource allocations. In one or more of the various embodiments, the activity model may be provided to a visualization engine that may traverse the activity model and render an interactive display of the activity model for display on a hardware display. Next, control may be returned to a calling process.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart for process 1000 for modeling resource allocation in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments. After a start block, at block 1002, in one or more of the various embodiments, one or activities may be allocated from a source activity object to a target activity object.

At block 1002, in one or more of the various embodiments, a bill-of-material (BOM) corresponding to the allocated activity may be provided. In one or more of the various embodiments, the source activity object may be a specialized activity object that is associated with one or more BOMs. Accordingly, in one or more of the various embodiments, the resources, other activity objects, or the like, for accomplishing the activity allocation may be defined in one or more BOMs.

In one or more of the various embodiments, the BOM may be arranged to include one or more rules that describe resources associated with the allocated activities. For example, a BOM for a new email address may have rules that require 1 GB of storage and 10 helpdesk calls per year be consumed for each email account provided. BOM rules may be defined using imperative programming languages, such as, Javascript, Ruby, Python, Perl, or the like, or combination thereof. Likewise, in some embodiments, declarative programming, such as, JSON, XML, may be used to define BOMs and/or BOM rules.

At decision block 1008, in one or more of the various embodiments, if the allocation of the activities to the target activity object may be finished, control may be returned to a calling process; otherwise, control may loop back to block 1006. In one or more of the various embodiments, the activity modeling engine may be arranged to support BOMs that reference one or more BOMs and/or one or more other activity objects. Accordingly, in some embodiments, process 1000 may iterate through more than one BOM and/or more the one activity object to perform an activity allocation. In some embodiments, the activity modeling engine may be arranged to recursively iterate through the one or more BOMs during the course of the activity allocation.

FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart for process 1100 for providing activity objects for resource allocation modeling in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments. After a start block, at block 1102, in one or more of the various embodiments, a service owner may provide one or more specialized activity objects. In one or more of the various embodiments, an activity modeling engine may be arranged to provide a user-interface that enables a user to create specialized activity objects. In some embodiments, the user-interface may be arranged to enable the user selected one or more pre-made specialized activity objects. Likewise, in some embodiments, the user-interface may enable the user to select a base specialized activity object for further customization. For example, in one or more of the various embodiments, a user may elect to create a new service object, project object, department object, business unit, or the like.

At block 1104, in one or more of the various embodiments, the service owner may provide a bill-of-material (BOM) for the specialized activity object. In one or more of the various embodiments, the user may configure the specialized activity object according to its purpose. In one or more of the various embodiments, the user may define a BOM that defines the resources provided by the object. Also, the user may define the units that correspond to the produced resources. For example, a BOM define resource allocation into term of number of items, amount of storage, required capacity, or the like, or combination thereof. For example, an BOM may define that resources provided by an IT department may be allocated in terms of laptop computers, disk drive storage quotas, service calls, and so on. Accordingly, in this example, rather than allocating costs of resources in terms of money (e.g., $1000 per laptop), the IT department may allocate resources in terms of number of laptops provided.

In one or more of the various embodiments, the price of the allocated resources may be set equal to their actual cost (pass through), higher than actual cost, or lower than actual cost. In some embodiments, setting a price that is lower than actual costs may reflect an organization policy to promote the user or adoption of particular resources. Accordingly, resources from another source may be allocated to the activity object (e.g., IT department) to offset the reduced price.

At block 1106, in one or more of the various embodiments, the specialized activity object may be provided for use in modeling resource allocation using an activity model. In one or more of the various embodiments, the activity object may be added to a list or gallery for adding to an activity model.

In some embodiments, the specialized activity object may already be part on an activity model. Accordingly, the updates to the specialized activity object may be promulgates through the activity model. Next, control may be returned to a calling process.

FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart for process 1200 for using activity based resource allocation modeling in accordance with one or one more of the various embodiments. After a start block, at block 1202, in one or more of the various embodiments, provide a resource allocation plan based on an activity model. In some embodiments, activity models may be used to plan future/anticipated resource allocations for an organization.

At block 1204, in one or more of the various embodiments, provide real-time resource allocation information based on actual usage. In one or more of the various embodiments, information from external or internal sources representing actual resource allocation (e.g., production and consumption of resources) may be provided to an activity modeling engine, such as activity modeling engine 324 and/or a resource modeling engine, such as resource modeling engine 322.

At decision block 1206, in one or more of the various embodiments, if the planned use is different than actual use, control may flow to block 1208; otherwise, control may be returned to a calling process. For example, an activity model may show that 1000 laptops are allocation from the IT department object to other activity objects. However, in this example, if the actual number of laptops allocated are 1100, the planned allocations may be determined to be inaccurate.

At block 1208, in one or more of the various embodiments, modify the activity model based on the actual usage of resources. In one or more of the various embodiments, an activity modeling engine may be arranged to modify one or more activity models in response to actual allocation information. In some embodiments, the activity modeling engine may be arranged to automatically modify the activity model. Also, in some embodiments, the activity modeling engine may be arranged to notify users if discrepancies between actual allocations and planned allocations may be discovered.

At decision block 1210, in one or more of the various embodiments, if the changes to the activity model should be push to an underlying data model, control may flow to block 1212; otherwise, control may be returned to a calling process. In one or more of the various embodiments, activity models may be associated with one or more underlying data model. Thus, in some embodiments, changes made to activity models may be propagated to their underlying data models.

At block 1212, in one or more of the various embodiments, one or more data models may be updated based on changes made to their associated with the activity models. For example, if a data model shows that IT services is allocating $100,000 to Sales. If actual allocation information shows that IT services provided 800 laptop computers rather than 1000, the allocation value in the data model may be reduced to $80,000 (assuming $1000 per laptop computer). In one or more of the various embodiments, a resource modeling engine may be arranged to automatically modify the underlying data models in response discrepancies between planned and actual activity model allocations. In other cases, the resource modeling engine may be arranged to notify users of the discrepancies between planned and actual allocation so they may modify the data model at their discretion.

It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustration, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These program instructions may be provided to a processor to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute on the processor, create means for implementing the actions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program instructions may be executed by a processor to cause a series of operational steps to be performed by the processor to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions, which execute on the processor to provide steps for implementing the actions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also cause at least some of the operational steps shown in the blocks of the flowchart to be performed in parallel. These program instructions may be stored on some type of machine readable storage media, such as processor readable non-transitive storage media, or the like. Moreover, some of the steps may also be performed across more than one processor, such as might arise in a multi-processor computer system. In addition, one or more blocks or combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustration may also be performed concurrently with other blocks or combinations of blocks, or even in a different sequence than illustrated without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.

Accordingly, blocks of the flowchart illustration support combinations of means for performing the specified actions, combinations of steps for performing the specified actions and program instruction means for performing the specified actions. It will also be understood that each block of the flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems, which perform the specified actions or steps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. The foregoing example should not be construed as limiting and/or exhaustive, but rather, an illustrative use case to show an implementation of at least one of the various embodiments of the invention. 

1. A method for modeling resource allocations using a network computer that employs one or more processors to execute instructions that perform actions, comprising: instantiating an activity modeling engine that is provided a data model, wherein the data model is comprised of two or more nodes and one or more edges stored in a self-referential database in a memory of a computer that is configured and arranged to store the data model, and wherein the data model's data objects are stored in the database in a single table that includes different records for different data objects that include references to other different records for other data objects, and wherein each node represents a model object and each edge represents a resource allocation, and wherein the self-referential database provides faster execution of a query of the data model objects than a referential database that executes the same query on the same data model objects more slowly because it also executes database query join instructions; employing the activity modeling engine to provide an activity model based on the data model, wherein the activity model includes one or more activity objects that each are associated with one or more bills-of-materials (BOMs); providing one or more resource allocations from one or more source activity objects to one or more target activity objects based on the one or more BOMs, wherein the one or more resource allocations are modeled using unit values or allocation percentage shares defined by the one or more BOMs; and providing a report visualizing the activity model, wherein the report is presented by a hardware display, and wherein geolocation information based on electronic signals processed by a Global Positioning System (GPS) device is employed to modify the report visualizing the activity model based on a location of one or more users, wherein the localization includes one or more of time zone, currency, calendar format, or language.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the activity model based on the data model, further comprises: traversing the data model to identify one or more model objects included in the data model; and providing the one or more activity objects for the activity model based on the one or more identified model objects.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, when one or more modifications are made to the activity model, modifying the data model based on the one or more modifications.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, when one or more modifications are made to the data model, modifying the activity model based on the one or more modifications.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the activity model based on the data model, further comprises, providing one or more specialized activity objects that include one or more of a service object, a project object, a department object, a labor pool object, or a business unit object.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein modeling the one or more resource allocations using unit values or allocation percentage shares defined by the one or more BOMs, further comprises, using two or more different unit values or different allocation percentage shares that are associated with two or more of the one or more activity objects.
 7. A system for modeling resource allocations, comprising: a network computer, comprising: a transceiver that communicates over the network; a memory that stores at least instructions; and one or more processor devices that execute instructions that perform actions, including: instantiating an activity modeling engine that is provided a data model, wherein the data model is comprised of two or more nodes and one or more edges stored in a self-referential database in a memory of a computer that is configured and arranged to store the data model, and wherein the data model's data objects are stored in the database in a single table that includes different records for different data objects that include references to other different records for other data objects, and wherein each node represents a model object and each edge represents a resource allocation, and wherein the self-referential database provides faster execution of a query of the data model objects than a referential database that executes the same query on the same data model objects more slowly because it also executes database query join instructions; employing the activity modeling engine to provide an activity model based on the data model, wherein the activity model includes one or more activity objects that each are associated with one or more bills-of-materials (BOMs); providing one or more resource allocations from one or more source activity objects to one or more target activity objects based on the one or more BOMs, wherein the one or more resource allocations are modeled using unit values or allocation percentage shares defined by the one or more BOMs; and providing a report visualizing the activity model, wherein the report is presented by a hardware display providing a report visualizing the activity model, wherein the report is presented by a hardware display, and wherein geolocation information based on electronic signals processed by a Global Positioning System (GPS) device is employed to modify the report visualizing the activity model based on a location of one or more users, wherein the localization includes one or more of time zone, currency, calendar format, or language; and a client computer, comprising: a client computer transceiver that communicates over the network; a client computer memory that stores at least instructions; and one or more processor devices that execute instructions that perform actions, including: displaying the report on another hardware display.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein providing the activity model based on the data model, further comprises: traversing the data model to identify one or more model objects included in the data model; and providing the one or more activity objects for the activity model based on the one or more identified model objects.
 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more network computer processor devices execute instructions that perform actions, further comprising, when one or more modifications are made to the activity model, modifying the data model based on the one or more modifications.
 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more network computer processor devices execute instructions that perform actions, further comprising, when one or more modifications are made to the data model, modifying the activity model based on the one or more modifications.
 11. The system of claim 7, wherein providing the activity model based on the data model, further comprises, providing one or more specialized activity objects that include one or more of a service object, a project object, a department object, a labor pool object, or a business unit object.
 12. The system of claim 7, wherein modeling the one or more resource allocations using unit values or allocation percentage shares defined by the one or more BOMs, further comprises, using two or more different unit values or different allocation percentage shares that are associated with two or more of the one or more activity objects.
 13. A processor readable non-transitory storage media that includes instructions for modeling resource allocations, wherein execution of the instructions by one or more hardware processors performs actions, comprising: instantiating an activity modeling engine that is provided a data model, wherein the data model is comprised of two or more nodes and one or more edges stored in a self-referential database in a memory of a computer that is configured and arranged to store the data model, and wherein the data model's data objects are stored in the database in a single table that includes different records for different data objects that include references to other different records for other data objects, and wherein each node represents a model object and each edge represents a resource allocation, and wherein the self-referential database provides faster execution of a query of the data model objects than a referential database that executes the same query on the same data model objects more slowly because it also executes database query join instructions; employing the activity modeling engine to provide an activity model based on the data model, wherein the activity model includes one or more activity objects that each are associated with one or more bills-of-materials (BOMs); providing one or more resource allocations from one or more source activity objects to one or more target activity objects based on the one or more BOMs, wherein the one or more resource allocations are modeled using unit values or allocation percentage shares defined by the one or more BOMs; and providing a report visualizing the activity model, wherein the report is presented by a hardware display, and wherein geolocation information based on electronic signals processed by a Global Positioning System (GPS) device is employed to modify the report visualizing the activity model based on a location of one or more users, wherein the localization includes one or more of time zone, currency, calendar format, or language.
 14. The media of claim 13, wherein providing the activity model based on the data model, further comprises: traversing the data model to identify one or more model objects included in the data model; and providing the one or more activity objects for the activity model based on the one or more identified model objects.
 15. The media of claim 13, further comprising, when one or more modifications are made to the activity model, modifying the data model based on the one or more modifications.
 16. The media of claim 13, further comprising, when one or more modifications are made to the data model, modifying the activity model based on the one or more modifications.
 17. The media of claim 13, wherein providing the activity model based on the data model, further comprises, providing one or more specialized activity objects that include one or more of a service object, a project object, a department object, a labor pool object, or a business unit object.
 18. The media of claim 13, wherein modeling the one or more resource allocations using unit values or allocation percentage shares defined by the one or more BOMs, further comprises, using two or more different unit values or different allocation percentage shares that are associated with two or more of the one or more activity objects.
 19. A network computer for modeling resource allocations, comprising: a transceiver that communicates over the network; a memory that stores at least instructions; and one or more processor devices that execute instructions that perform actions, including: instantiating an activity modeling engine that is provided a data model, wherein the data model is comprised of two or more nodes and one or more edges stored in a self-referential database in a memory of a computer that is configured and arranged to store the data model, and wherein the data model's data objects are stored in the database in a single table that includes different records for different data objects that include references to other different records for other data objects, and wherein each node represents a model object and each edge represents a resource allocation, and wherein the self-referential database provides faster execution of a query of the data model objects than a referential database that executes the same query on the same data model objects more slowly because it also executes database query join instructions; employing the activity modeling engine to provide an activity model based on the data model, wherein the activity model includes one or more activity objects that each are associated with one or more bills-of-materials (BOMs); providing one or more resource allocations from one or more source activity objects to one or more target activity objects based on the one or more BOMs, wherein the one or more resource allocations are modeled using unit values or allocation percentage shares defined by the one or more BOMs; and providing a report visualizing the activity model, wherein the report is presented by a hardware display, and wherein geolocation information based on electronic signals processed by a Global Positioning System (GPS) device is employed to modify the report visualizing the activity model based on a location of one or more users, wherein the localization includes one or more of time zone, currency, calendar format, or language.
 20. The network computer of claim 19, wherein providing the activity model based on the data model, further comprises: traversing the data model to identify one or more model objects included in the data model; and providing the one or more activity objects for the activity model based on the one or more identified model objects.
 21. The network computer of claim 19, further comprising, when one or more modifications are made to the activity model, modifying the data model based on the one or more modifications.
 22. The network computer of claim 19, further comprising, when one or more modifications are made to the data model, modifying the activity model based on the one or more modifications.
 23. The network computer of claim 19, wherein providing the activity model based on the data model, further comprises, providing one or more specialized activity objects that include one or more of a service object, a project object, a department object, a labor pool object, or a business unit object.
 24. The network computer of claim 19, wherein modeling the one or more resource allocations using unit values or allocation percentage shares defined by the one or more BOMs, further comprises, using two or more different unit values or different allocation percentage shares that are associated with two or more of the one or more activity objects. 